Each monograph covers what the compound is, how the published research describes its mechanism, the clinical and preclinical record with citations, handling and storage, and what a good certificate for it looks like. Signed by the author and dated when last reviewed.
A small-molecule quinolinium salt, not a peptide, that inhibits nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). What it is, how the medicinal-chemistry papers describe its mechanism, the mouse studies on adiposity and muscle, UK status, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for a small organic salt looks like.
The copper(II) complex of the tripeptide alanyl-histidyl-lysine, one methyl group apart from GHK-Cu. What it is, how it holds copper, what the small published literature actually studied, how it is confused with GHK-Cu, UK status, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for a copper peptide looks like.
A 16-residue synthetic peptide modelled on the C-terminal 177-191 region of human growth hormone, developed in Melbourne as an oral anti-obesity drug and abandoned after a 2007 phase IIb trial. What it is, how the literature describes its proposed mechanism, the state of the research record including the regulatory and anti-doping history, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A 15-residue fragment of a gastric-juice protein, studied for three decades almost entirely in rodent models. What it is, how the published literature describes its proposed mechanisms, the state of the research record, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A 37-residue lipidated amylin analogue developed by Novo Nordisk as NN9838 (AM833) and studied alone and in fixed combination with semaglutide. What it is, how the published literature describes amylin pharmacology, the clinical trial record including the REDEFINE programme, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A 29-residue synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone, properly called Modified GRF (1-29), sold under a borrowed name. What the material actually is, why the four substitutions were made, how it differs from the ConjuChem compound that carries the CJC-1295 name, the state of the research record, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A synthetic tetrapeptide, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, designed in St Petersburg as a stand-in for a bovine pineal extract and studied for four decades almost entirely by the group that made it. What it is, how the literature describes its proposed mechanisms, the state of the research record including the telomerase claim, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
The copper(II) complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, first isolated from human plasma in 1973. What it is, how it binds copper, what the published literature reports on gene expression, wound healing, skin and hair follicles, how to handle the blue lyophilised complex, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A 39-residue lipidated peptide that activates the GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors in a single molecule. What it is, how the published literature describes its pharmacology, the phase 2 and phase 3 trial record, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A synthetic hexapeptide of the growth-hormone-releasing-peptide family that acts at the ghrelin receptor and binds the scavenger receptor CD36. What it is, how the literature describes its pharmacology, the research record including the early human studies, UK status, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A recombinant 83-residue analogue of human insulin-like growth factor 1 with an N-terminal 13-residue extension and an arginine at position 3, designed to escape the IGF-binding proteins. What it is, why the modifications were made, what the literature reports in cell culture and animals, UK status, the handling that a disulphide-bonded protein needs, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A five-residue synthetic growth hormone secretagogue from Novo Nordisk's 1990s programme, notable for its selectivity at the ghrelin receptor and for a clinical development programme that stopped at phase 2. What it is, how the literature describes its pharmacology, the state of the research record, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
The C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Lys-Pro-Val, identified in 1989 as the anti-inflammatory core of the parent hormone and studied since in cell lines and rodent models of colitis, brain injury and infection. What it is, how the literature describes its proposed mechanisms, the state of the research record, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A lipidated oxyntomodulin analogue developed as a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist under the codes IBI362 and LY3305677. What it is, how the literature describes its pharmacology, the phase 2 and phase 3 record in China, its licensing position, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A 16-residue peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, studied for roughly a decade as a regulator of metabolic stress. What it is, how the published literature describes its proposed mechanisms, the state of the research record including its one clinical programme, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A cyclic heptapeptide designed at the University of Arizona in the late 1980s as a superpotent, non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist. What it is, how the literature describes its pharmacology, the clinical history that led to bremelanotide, the public-health record of its unlicensed use, its regulatory position in the UK, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
The oxidised form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, the cell's principal redox cofactor and the substrate consumed by sirtuins, PARPs and CD38. What it is, how the literature describes its biology and age-related decline, how the precursor trials differ from the dinucleotide itself, the compound's well-documented instability in solution, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin agonist, originally identified as a metabolite of Melanotan II, that went on to become a licensed medicine in the United States but not in the United Kingdom or the European Union. What it is, how the literature describes its central mechanism, the clinical record as a matter of pharmacology, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A synthetic heptapeptide built from the immunomodulatory tetrapeptide tuftsin with a C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro, developed in Russia and studied for anxiolytic-like effects and for changes in GABAergic and immune gene expression. What it is, how the literature describes its mechanism, the research record and its limits, UK status, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A 31-residue lipidated GLP-1 analogue that acts as a selective agonist at the GLP-1 receptor. What it is, how the published literature describes its pharmacology, the clinical trial record, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A synthetic heptapeptide built from the ACTH(4–7) fragment with a C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro, developed in Russia and studied for its effects on BDNF expression and neuronal survival. What it is, how the literature describes its mechanism, the research record and its limits, UK status, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
The 29-residue N-terminal fragment of human growth hormone-releasing hormone, once licensed as Geref and withdrawn from the market in 2008 for commercial reasons. What it is, how the literature describes its receptor pharmacology and rapid enzymatic degradation, the clinical record in children and older adults, why the compounded 'anti-ageing' product is not the research material, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A four-residue Szeto–Schiller peptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds cardiolipin. What it is, how the published literature describes its mechanism, the preclinical ischaemia–reperfusion record, the uneven clinical programme that ended in a 2025 accelerated approval for Barth syndrome, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A lipidated glucagon-derived peptide developed as a dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist under the code BI 456906. What it is, how the discovery paper describes its pharmacology, the phase 2 record in obesity and in MASH, its unlicensed status in the UK, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
An N-acetylated heptapeptide corresponding to residues 17–23 of thymosin β4, the actin-binding motif of the parent protein. What it is, how it differs from full-length thymosin β4, what the published literature says about each, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A 44-residue analogue of human growth hormone-releasing hormone with a hexenoyl group on its N-terminus, developed by Theratechnologies as TH9507 and licensed in the United States as Egrifta. What it is, why the modification was made, how the clinical literature describes it, its regulatory position in the UK and EU, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
An N-acetylated 28-residue peptide first isolated from calf thymus in 1977 and licensed as thymalfasin in some countries as an immunomodulator. What it is, how the literature describes its action on dendritic cells and T cells through Toll-like receptors, the clinical record, its unlicensed status in the UK, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
A 39-residue lipidated peptide that activates both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors. What it is, how the published literature describes its pharmacology, the clinical trial record, handling and storage, and what a sound certificate of analysis for it looks like.
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